| Chinese | Common name | Alternative name(s) | Botanical name | |
| Pinyin | Potongua | |||
| a wèi | 阿魏 | Asafoetida | devil's dung; stinking gum; asant; food of the gods; Kaayam | Ferula assafoetida |
| āo chún jiāng | 凹脣薑 | Chinese keys | fingerroot | Boesenbergia rotunda |
| āo chún jiāng; Suo Shi | 凹脣薑 | Finger Root | Chinese keys; Lesser Ginger | Boosenbergia rotunda |
| ba1 jiao3 | 八角 | Star Anise | ||
| bái dòu kòu, xiǎo dòu kòu; xiǎo dòu kòu; dòu kòu; xiǎo dòu kòu | 白豆蔻 , 小豆蔻 , 小荳寇 , 豆蔻 , 小荳蔻 | Cardamom | White Cardamom | Elettaria cardamomum |
| Bai Fan Dou, Ban Wen Dou, Cai Dou, Pan Wên Tou (Taiwanese), Qing Dou, Shi Jia Cai Dou, Si Ji Dou, Yun Dou | Kidney Beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | ||
| Bo Luo Mi, Bo Luo Mi (Hong Kong), Mu Bo Luo, Shu Bo Luo | Jackfruit | Jaca, Jack, Jack Fruit, Jackfruit Tree, Jak, Jak Fruit, Jak-Fruit, Langka, Nangka | Artocarpus heterophyllus | |
| cǎoguǒ; xiāng dòu kòu | 草果; 香豆蔻 | Black Cardamom; | Nepal cardamom; Greater Indian cardamom | Amomum subulatum; Amomum costatum |
| Ch´iu k´ui (medicinal name), Chan qie, Huang qiu kui, Huang su kui, Ka fei huang kui, Qiu kui | Okra | Bindi, Fingers Ladies, Gobo, Gombo, Gumbo, Ladies Finger, Ladies´ fingers, Lady´s finger, Lady´s-Fingers, Okra, Wild Okra | Abelmoschus esculentus | |
| cōng tóu; yáng cōng | 蔥頭 ; 洋蔥 | green onion | Spring Onion; salad onion; scallion | Allium wakegi |
| da suan | 大蒜 | Garlic | Stinking Rose; | Allium sativum |
| daaih wùih hēung; yèuhng wùih hēung | 大茴香; 洋茴香 | Anise | Sweet cumin; Aniseed | Pimpinella anisum |
| diào liào jiǔ lǐ xiāng | 调料九里香 | Curry Leaf | Sweet Neem leaves | Murraya koenigii |
| dīng xiāng | 丁香 | Cloves | Syzygium aromaticum | |
| dōngguā | 冬瓜 | Ash gourd | winter melon; white gourd; wax gourd | Benincasa hispida |
| gàilán; jièlán | 芥蘭 | Chinese broccoli | Brassica oleracea | |
| gé lǚ zǐ | 葛縷子 | Caraway Seeds | Meridian Fennel; Persian Cumin | Carum carvi |
| Guang Guo Gan Cao, Yang Gan Cao | Liquorice root | Black Sugar, Common Licorice, Liquorice, Russian Liquorice, Spanish Liquorice, Sweet Wood, True Licorice | Glycyrrhiza glabra | |
| gui4 pi2 | 桂皮 | Cinnamon (stick and powder) | Cinnamomum verum | |
| Hei Xian Hao, Hei Xian Hao, Zai Pei Hei Zhong Cao | Nigella seeds | (Wild) Onion seeds; Black Caraway, Black Seed, (Falsely) Black Cumin, Fennel-Flower,Nigella, Roman Coriander | ||
| Hong Gua | Ivy Gourd | Gentlemen's Toes; Little Gourd; Baby Watermelon; | Coccinia grandis | |
| Hon-toi-moi; Yin choy; Hsien tsai | 莧菜 | Amaranth/Chinese Spinach | Red spinach; Rau Den; Chinese spinach; | Amaranthus dubius |
| hú jiāo | 胡椒 | Black Pepper; Black peppercorn | Piper nigrum | |
| hú lú bā | 葫蘆巴 | Fenugreek seed | Trigonella foenum-graecum | |
| huā jiāo; qín jiāo; hú jiāo mù; yá jiāo; máo là huā jiāo; cì huā jiāo; yīng bù bó; shān jiāo; shuāng miàn cì; liǎng miàn zhēn; yě huā jiāo; jīn jiāo; jīn niú gōng; chuān jiāo | 花椒; 秦椒; 崖椒; 毛剌花椒; 刺花椒; 鷹不泊; 山椒; 雙面刺; 兩面針; 野花椒; 金椒; 金牛公; 川椒 | Szechuan Pepper | Szetchwan pepper, Anise pepper, Sheguan pepper, Sprice pepper, Sichuan pepper, Chinese pepper, Japanese pepper | Xanthoxylum piperitum |
| Huí xiāng; tián huí xiāng; xiǎo huí xiāng | 茴香 ; 甜茴香; 小茴香 | Fennel seed | Foeniculum vulgare | |
| jiàn yè chéng | 箭叶橙 | kaffir lime | limau purut | Citrus x hystrix, |
| Jiāng; Shēng jiāng | 薑; 生薑 | Ginger | Ginger root; | Zingiber officinale |
| jiè cài; hēi jiè zǐ | 芥菜 ; 黑芥籽 | Black Mustard seeds | Brown mustard seed, Indian mustard | Brassica nigra |
| jiǔ cài; xiā yí cōng; xì xiāng cōng | 韭菜 , 蝦夷蔥 , 細香蔥 | Chinese chive flowers | Allium schoenoprasum L | |
| kū míng; xiǎo huí xiāng; zī ràn | 枯茗 , 小茴香, 孜然 | Cumin (seed) | Cuminum cyminum | |
| kǔguā; balsam pear | 苦瓜 | bitter melon | bitter gourd | Momordica charantia |
| La Jiao | 辣椒 | Green Chillie; fresh | Genus: Capsicum Family: Solanaceae | |
| píng gū | 平菇 | oyster mushroom | Branched Oyster Fungus, Branched Oyster Mushroom, Cornucopia Mushroom | Pleurotus ostreatus |
| Rou Dou Kou, Rou Dou Kou Yi (Mace), Rou Guo, Rou Kou, Yu Guo, Yu Guo Hua (Mace | Nutmeg & Mace. | Nutmeg, Nutmeg Tree | from: Myristica fragrans | |
| shi2 li4 guo3 | 石栗果 | Candlenut | ||
| shìzǐjiāo | 柿子椒 | Capsicum | Bell Pepper | Capsicum annum; C. chinense; C. frutescens; C. baccatum; C. pubescens |
| tung hing; ròu gùi | 肉桂 | Cassia. Substitution: Cinnamon (i) | Vietnamese cinnamon (contains a little toxic coumarin) | Cinnamomum aromaticum |
| xiang zhu la jiao | 香著辣椒 | Carom seed. | mistakenly as "bishop's weed". | Trachyspermum copticum |
| Ye Gan Lan | Napa cabbage | Cabbage, Kale, Kohlrabi | Brassica oleracea caulorapa | |
| yu lu | 魚露 | fish sauce | ||
| yuan2 sui1 mi3 | 芫荽米 | Coriander; dried seeds | coriander (seeds) | Coriandrum sativum |
| yuè guì;yuè guì yè | 月桂, 月桂葉 | Indian Bay leaf | Lauris nobilis (Folia Lauri) | |
| zhú sǔn | 竹筍 | bamboo shoots | Bambusa vulgaris; Phyllostachys edulis | |
| zǐ sū | 紫蘇 | Perilla | Green Shiso; beefsteak plant | perilla fructescens |
List of many Chinese prepared dishes and their Chinese character names
| Potongua |
English name |
| 冬笋炒肉丝 | asute shredded pork with bamboo shoots |
| 明炉烧鸭 | barbecued duck with sweet paste |
| 叉烧肉 | bbq pork (Cantonese style)/grilled pork |
| 豆瓣牛肉 | beef in chillie bean sauce |
| 红烧牛肉 | beef with brown sauce |
| 双冬牛肉 | beef with mushroom and bamboo shoots |
| 叫化鸡 | beggar’s chicken (baked chicken) |
| 葱油白鸡 | boiled chicken with scallion |
| 白斩鸡 | boiled chicken |
| 水饺 | Boiled dumplings |
| 白扣羊肉 | boiled mutton |
| 手抓羊肉 | boiled mutton |
| 白切肉 | boiled pork sliced |
| 油淋鸡 | boiling oil scalded chicken |
| 拆骨鸡 | boneless chicken |
| 红扒鸡 | braised chicken in brown sauce |
| 烩鸭掌 | braised duck webs |
| 扣肉 | braised meat |
| 酱肉 | braised pork seasoned with soy sauce |
| 扒白条 | braised pork slices |
| 栗子红烧肉 | braised pork with chestnuts |
| 红烧蹄筋 | braised tendon with brown sauce |
| 花椒牛肉 | cayenne beef |
| 棒棒鸡 | chicken cutlets in chillie sauce |
| 砂锅鸡 | chicken en casserole |
| 蛋卷 | Chicken rolls |
| 酱鸡 | chicken simmered in brown sauce |
| 芙蓉鸡片 | chicken slices with egg-white puffs |
| 口蘑鸡块 | chicken stew with mushrooms |
| 贵妃鸡 | chicken wings and legs with brown sauce |
| 陈皮鸡 | chicken with orange flavour |
| 椒盐鸡 | chicken with spicy salt |
| 纸包鸡 | chicken wrapped in cellophane |
| 烧饼 | Clay oven rolls |
| 糟白肉 | cold pork slices marinated in wine essence |
| 脆皮三丝卷 | crisp rolls of pork, sea-cucumber and bamboo shoots |
| 脆皮鸡 | deep fried chicken with crisp skin |
| 炸丸子 | deep-fried meatballs |
| 肉丁 | diced meat |
| 坛子肉 | diced pork in pot |
| 腰果肉丁 | diced pork with cashew nuts |
| 黄瓜肉丁 | diced pork with cucumber |
| 辣子肉丁 | diced pork with green pepper |
| 豌豆肉丁 | diced pork with green pies |
| 清炸猪里脊 | dry-fried pork fillet |
| 红糟鸭片 | duck slices in wine sauce |
| 蛋花汤 | Egg & vegetable soup |
| 蒜蓉牛柳条 | fillet of beef with garlic sauce |
| 鱼丸汤 | Fish ball soup |
| 板条 | Flat noodles |
| 青椒牛肉 | fried beef with green pepper |
| 豉汁牛肉 | fried beef with soy bean sauce |
| 走油肉 | fried boiled pork |
| 油条 | Fried bread stick |
| 炸鸡卷 | fried chicken rolls |
| 咖哩牛肉 | fried curry beef |
| 酱爆肉丁 | fried diced pork in soy sauce |
| 炸肉茄夹 | fried eggplant with meat stuffing |
| 炒羊肚 | fried lamb's tripe |
| 炒肉丁 | fried meat cubes |
| 葱爆羊肉 | fried mutton slice with green scallion |
| 芝麻羊肉 | fried mutton with sesame seeds |
| 炒猪肝 | fried pork liver |
| 炒肉片 | fried pork sliced |
| 盐煎肉 | fried pork with salted pepper |
| 蛋炒饭 | Fried rice with egg |
| 炒肉丝 | fried shredded pork |
| 炒木须肉 | fried shreds of pork, fungus and eggs, meat with omelet and fungus |
| 酱爆肉 | fried sliced pork with soy sauce |
| 炒肚尖 | fried tip of pig’s tripe |
| 爆牛肚 | fried trips |
| 糯米饭 | Glutinous rice |
| 葫芦八宝鸡 | gourd-shaped chicken in stuffing |
| 烧鸡 | grilled chicken |
| 蚝油扒鸭 | grilled duck in oyster sauce |
| 家乡熏蹄 | home-made pig’s trotters |
| 火锅 | Hot pot |
| 皮蛋 | hundred-year egg |
| 涮羊肉 | instant-boiled mutton Mongolian hot pot |
| 羊肉串 | lamb shaslik |
| 砂锅丸子 | meat balls en casserole |
| 肉馅 | meat filling |
| 肉片 | meat slice |
| 砂锅狮子头 | meatballs in earthen-pot |
| 肉末 | minced meat |
| 椒酱肉 | mixed meat with chillie |
| 红烧羊肉 | mutton braised in brown sauce |
| 油豆腐 | Oily bean curd |
| 蚝油牛肉 | oyster sauce beef |
| 牡蛎汤 | Oyster soup |
| 冬菇猪蹄 | pig’s trotters with mushrooms |
| 白饭 | Plain white rice |
| 生氽牛肉片 | poached beef fillet |
| 糖醋里脊 | pork fried with sugar and vinegar dressing. Pork fillet with sweet and sour sauce |
| 冰糖肘子 | pork joint stewed with rock sugar |
| 红烧肘子 | pork leg braised in brown sauce |
| 葱爆肉粉丝 | pork slices with vermicelli |
| 榨菜肉丝面 | Pork, pickled mustard green noodles |
| 焖牛肉 | pot roast beef |
| 酱爆鸡丁 | quick-fried diced chicken in bean sauce |
| 饭团 | Rice and vegetable roll |
| 米粉 | Rice noodles |
| 稀饭 | Rice porridge |
| 肉丸 | Rice-meat dumplings |
| 烤牛肉 | roast beef |
| 北京烤鸭 | roast Beijing duck |
| 烤猪肉 | roast pork |
| 烤乳猪 | roasted sucking pig |
| 咸鸭蛋 | Salted duck egg |
| 盐水羊肉 | salted mutton |
| 炒里脊丝 | saute pork fillet shreds |
| 银芽炒牛肉 | sauteed beef and sprouts in satay sauce |
| 干煸牛肉丝 | sauteed beef shreds with
chillie |
| 宫保鸡丁 | sauteed chicken cubes with chillie and peanuts |
| 荸荠鸡片 | sauteed chicken slices with water chestnuts |
| 滑溜里脊 | sauteed fillet with thick gravy |
| 时蔬炒牛肉 | sauteed sliced beef with seasonal greens |
| 冬笋鸡片 | sauteed sliced chicken with bamboo shoots |
| 香酥鸡 | savoury and crisp chicken |
| 乌龙面 | Seafood noodles |
| 紫菜汤 | Seaweed soup |
| 葱头牛肉丝 | shredded beef with onion |
| 肉丝 | shredded meat |
| 扁豆肉丝 | shredded pork and french beans |
| 水晶蹄膀 | shredded pork knuckle in jelly |
| 韭黄肉丝 | shredded pork with chives |
| 蒜泥白肉 | shredded pork with garlic sauce |
| 鱼香肉丝 | shredded pork with garlic sauce |
| 青椒肉丝 | shredded pork with green pepper |
| 雪菜肉丝 | shredded pork with salted potherb mustard |
| 酱爆肉丝 | shredded pork with soy sauce |
| 红油肚丝 | shredded tripe with chillie sauce |
| 虾球 | Shrimp balls |
| 刀削面 | Sliced noodles |
| 滑肉片 | sliced pork with cream sauce |
| 葱爆肉丁 | sliced pork with scallion |
| 熏鸡 | smoked chicken |
| 樟茶鸭 | smoked duck |
| 软炸里脊 | soft-fried fillet |
| 豆浆 | Soybean milk |
| 红烧排骨 | spareribs with brown sauce |
| 酱牛肉 | spiced beef |
| 五香鸡 | spiced chicken |
| 酱猪肘 | spiced pig’s leg |
| 酱猪肚 | spiced pig’s tripe |
| 麻辣面 | Spicy hot noodles |
| 春卷 | Spring rolls |
| 馒头 | Steamed buns |
| 富贵鸡 | steamed chicken with stuffing |
| 蜜汁火腿 | steamed ham with honey sauce |
| 清蒸羊肉 | steamed mutton |
| 南京板鸭 | steamed Nanjing duck |
| 清炖牛尾 | steamed oxtail in clear soup |
| 梅干菜扣肉 | steamed pork with preserved vegetables |
| 米粉蒸肉 | steamed pork with rice flower |
| 粉蒸排骨 | steamed spareribs with rice flower |
| 冬菜扣肉 | steamed spicy cabbage and pork |
| 清蒸全鸡 | steamed whole chicken in clear soup |
| 栗子鸡 | stewed chicken with chestnuts |
| 红烧狮子头 | stewed meatballs with brown sauce |
| 炖猪蹄 | stewed pig’s trotters |
| 排肉片 | stewed pork strip |
| 红烧肉 | stewed pork with brown sauce |
| 臭豆腐 | Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) |
| 回锅肉 | stir-fried boiled pork slices in hot sauce .twice-cooked pork slices |
| 云腿鸡片 | stir-fried chicken and ham |
| 炒鸡片 | stir-fried chicken slices |
| 辣椒炒鸡块 | stir-fried diced chicken with green pepper |
| 宫爆腰花 | stir-fried kidney with chillie and peanuts |
| 炒腊肉 | stir-fried smoked pork |
| 糖醋鸡条 | sweet and sour chicken cutlets |
| 菠萝香酥肉 | sweet-and-sour pork with pineapple |
| 古老肉 | sweet-and-sour pork |
| 糖醋排骨 | sweet-and-sour spareribs |
| 蚂蚁上树 | vermicelli with spicy minced pork |
| 回锅辣白肉 | white meat in hot sauce |
| 清蒸猪脑 | white steamed pig’s brain |
| 醉鸡 | wined chicken |
| 汽锅鸡 | Yunnan-style steamed chicken |
